It isn’t only Java, though I believe Java was the first to use throw idiomatically. The big problem is that code becomes impossible to meaningfully analyze; one large Java project was found to have 1300 “indefinite” catch targets.

The other problem is that what was intended to catch genuine exceptions immediately morphed into a way to save typing, with less than 1% of calls to throw handling exceptions of any kind, mostly used where return codes should have been. It really is a mess. If I were the Emperor of IT I would have it backed out of every language that uses it and only the operating system and runtime would be allowed to throw. WE should only write try and catch.